CPD Recap: Algorithmic Pricing, Agentic AI, and Hong Kong Competition Law: Lessons from the United States, the European Union, and the United Kingdom
On 21 May 2026, Carter Chim delivered a CPD seminar on the competition-law implications of algorithmic pricing and agentic AI.
The seminar set out eight theories of harm relevant to advisers, namely: hub-and-spoke coordination through shared pricing software; tacit algorithmic coordination; autonomous cartel conduct by reinforcement-learning agents; personalised and behavioural price discrimination; algorithmic self-preferencing and monopolisation; ecosystem foreclosure by and of AI agents; algorithmic monopsony in labour markets; and surveillance pricing.
The seminar closed with takeaways for advising Hong Kong clients — including a four-zone risk spectrum for pricing operations, vendor and hub due-diligence questions, compliance-by-design protocols — and a set of recommendations to the Hong Kong Competition Commission on guidance, institutional capacity, and targeted reform of Cap 619, including the application of section 91 of the Competition Ordinance to algorithmic SaaS vendors active in Hong Kong markets.
Carter Chim
“Carter is a leading specialist in competition law in Hong Kong well-known for his deep legal knowledge in EU and Hong Kong competition law, Carter has been instructed on a number of competition cases in Hong Kong, and due to his past experience in working in the Hong Kong Competition Commission as legal counsel, Carter is preferred counsel for antitrust investigations and litigation in Hong Kong.”
Legal 500 Asia-Pacific 2026, Competition — Leading Juniors, Tier 1
Carter has been recognised by The Legal 500 (Legalease) as a Leading Junior (Tier 1) in Competition Law for six consecutive years (i.e. 2021 to 2026).
Carter has acted in a number of landmark constitutional and administrative law cases before the Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal, including Secretary for Justice v Leung Kwok Hung [2021] HKCFA 32 (concerning the scope of parliamentary privilege enjoyed by a member of the Legislative Council in the course of proceedings).
General civil matters form a core part of Carter’s practice. Matters which he is regularly instructed to handle include winding up petitions (for the successful petitioner in Re Yuan Tong Global Financial Group Ltd [2021] HKCFI 1534), water leakage cases, property disputes, discrimination cases, and more.
View Carter’s profile for more information.
This article was first published on 1 June 2026.
Disclaimer: This article does not constitute legal advice and seeks to set out the general principles of the law. Detailed advice should therefore be sought from a legal professional relating to the individual merits and facts of a particular case. The photographs which appear in this article are included for decorative purposes only and should not be taken as a depiction of any matter to which the case is related. The views and opinions expressed in this article/material are solely those of the members authoring it and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of Denis Chang’s Chambers, or of any other member or members of Denis Chang’s Chambers.